Andes Hantavirus
Andes Hantavirus
Andes hantavirus (more precisely, the virus called Andes virus, an orthohantavirus) is a rodent-borne virus found mainly in parts of Argentina and Chile. It can cause a severe illness known as Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (also called hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome).
What makes Andes virus unusual?
Most hantaviruses are transmitted from infected rodents to humans. Andes virus is notable because it is the only hantavirus with documented person-to-person transmission. Human transmission appears uncommon and is typically associated with close, prolonged contact with a symptomatic infected person.
How is it transmitted?
- People can become infected through:
- Contact with infected rodents or their urine, droppings, or saliva.
- Breathing dust contaminated with rodent excreta, especially in enclosed spaces.
- Less commonly, close contact with a person who is ill with Andes virus.
Symptoms
Symptoms usually develop 4–42 days after exposure and may initially resemble influenza:
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Muscle aches
- Headache
- Chills
- Nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain
- Some patients later develop:
- Cough
- Shortness of breath
- Severe respiratory failure requiring intensive care.
Severity
Andes virus infection can be life-threatening. Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome has a high fatality rate in severe cases, making early medical evaluation important if exposure is suspected.
Treatment
There is currently no specific antiviral treatment or approved vaccine for Andes virus. Treatment is supportive and may include oxygen therapy, intensive care, and management of respiratory complications. Early medical attention improves the chances of survival.
